Nhanganyaya yeKushanda Nheyo yeReverse Osmosis (RO) Membrane:
RO ndiyo chidimbu cheReverse Osmosis muChirungu uye zvinoreva anti-osmosis muchiChinese.Muzhinji, kufamba kwemamorekuru emvura kunobva pakudzika kwakadzika kusvika kune yakakwira.Zvisinei, kana kudzvinyirirwa kunoshandiswa padivi rekupinda, mafambiro ekufamba kwemamorekuru emvura anodzoserwa, kubva pakakwirira kusvika pakadzika dzika, nokudaro zita reverse osmosis.
Musimboti weRO membrane: RO membrane, inozivikanwawo sereverse osmosis membrane, tekinoroji inopatsanura zvinwiwa zvakakura kupfuura saizi yepore ye membrane kuburikidza nekumanikidza musiyano sesimba rekutyaira.Liquid iri kuita membrane kusefa inoiswa pasi pekumanikidzwa.Kana iyo dzvinyiriro ichipfuura iyo osmotic pressure ye RO membrane, iyo mvura inopinda mune yakatarisana.Iyo mvura idiki pane saizi yepore inoburitswa panguva yekuyerera, nepo mvura ine yakakwira concentration kupfuura saizi yepore ichavharwa ne membrane uye inoburitswa nemugero wemvura wakadzika.Izvi zviito zvinoshanda kuchenesa, kuparadzanisa uye kuisa pfungwa pamvura yekutanga.
Iwo akakosha ekuita zviratidzo zveRO membrane ndeye desalination rate, kuyerera kwemvura, uye chiyero chekudzoreredza.Muyero wekubvisa munyu unoreva mwero wekuchena umo membrane inobata maion, ine mwero wepamusoro wekubvisa munyu unowanikwa kana ichibata maion zvakanyanya.Chimwe chiratidziro chakakosha chekuita ndeye flux, iyo inoreva huwandu hwemamorekuru emvura anogona kupinda mukati mechikamu chechikamu che membrane.Iyo yakakura iyo flux, zviri nani kuita kwe membrane.Chiyero chekudzoreredza, kune rumwe rutivi, chinoreva chiyero chemvura yakachena yekuisa pfungwa apo membrane iri kushanda, ine chiyero chepamusoro chinoratidza kuita kuri nani kwemembrane.
Nekuda kweaya matatu akakosha maitiro eRO membranes, kuvandudzwa kweRO membranes kwakatungamirwa kusvika pakuwana mabhindauko muhuwandu hwekubvisa salination, kugadzirwa kwemvura hombe, uye kudzoreredza kwakanyanya, imwe neimwe inogona kuunza zvakakosha hupfumi.
Kune reverse osmosis membrane zvinhu, kazhinji sosi yemvura haigone kupinda mukati mezvinhu zvakanangana nekuti tsvina irimo inogona kusvibisa membrane uye kukanganisa kushanda kwakagadzikana kwehurongwa uye hupenyu hwechinhu che membrane.Pre-kurapa ndiyo nzira yekurapa mvura yakasvibirira zvichienderana nehunhu hwehutsvina huri mairi, nemaitiro akakodzera, kuitira kuti igone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekupinza kune reverse osmosis membrane zvinhu.Nekuti iri pamberi pe reverse osmosis mune yese nzira yekurapa mvura, inonzi pre-kurapa.
Chinangwa chepre-atreat in reverse osmosis systems ndeye: 1) kudzivirira membrane surface kusvibiswa, kureva kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwakamiswa, microorganisms, colloidal substances, nezvimwewo kubva pakunamatira kune membrane pamusoro kana kuvhara nzira yekuyerera kwemvura ye membrane element;2) kudzivirira kuyera pane membrane pamusoro.Munguva yekushanda kweiyo reverse osmosis mudziyo, imwe yakaoma-kunyungudutsa munyu yakadai seCaCO3, CaSO4, BaSO4, SrSO4, CaF2 inogona kuisa pa membrane pamusoro nekuda kwekuiswa kwemvura, saka zvakakosha kudzivirira kuumbwa kweizvi zvakaoma- ku-dissolve salts;
3) chengetedza kuti membrane haina kuisirwa kukuvadzwa kwemagetsi kana kemikari, kuitira kuti membrane ive nekuita kwakanaka uye hupenyu hwakakwana.
Kusarudzwa kwe pre-kurapwa maitiro e reverse osmosis masisitimu ndeaya anotevera:
1) Pamusoro pemvura yepasi ine yakaturikwa yakaoma zviri pasi pe50mg/L, yakananga coagulation filtration nzira inogona kushandiswa;
2) Pamusoro pemvura yepasi ine yakaturikwa yakasimba inodarika 50mg/L, coagulation, kujekesa, filtration nzira inogona kushandiswa;
3) Pamusoro pemvura yepasi ine iron yemukati isingasviki 0.3mg/L uye yakaturikwa yakasimba yemukati isingasviki 20mg/L, yakananga filtration nzira inogona kushandiswa;
4) Pamusoro pemvura yepasi ine iron yemukati isingasviki 0.3mg/L uye yakaturikwa yakasimba inodarika 20mg/L, yakananga coagulation filtration nzira inogona kushandiswa;
5) Pamusoro pemvura yepasi ine iron inodarika 0.3mg/L, oxidation uye kubviswa kwesimbi kunofanirwa kutariswa, kuteverwa nekusefa kwakananga kana kurongeka kwakananga kusefa.Kana iyo organic zvinhu zviri mukati memvura mbishi yakakwira, chlorination, coagulation, kujekesa uye kusefa zvinogona kushandiswa pakurapa.Kana kurapwa uku kusina kukwana, activated carbon filtration inogona kushandiswawo kubvisa organic matter.Kana kuoma kwemvura yakasvibirira kwakakwira uye iyo CaCO3 icharamba yakagara pane reverse osmosis membrane pamusoro mushure mekurapwa, kupfava kana lime kurapwa kunogona kushandiswa.Kana imwe yakaoma-ku-kunyungudutsa munyu inodonha uye yakakura muRO system, anti-scaling agents anofanirwa kushandiswa.Zvakakosha kuziva kuti barium uye strontium inogona kunge isiri nguva dzose mukuongorora kwemvura yakasvibirira.Zvisinei, kunyange pakadzika zvakanyanya, vanogona kuumba zvikero zviri nyore pamusoro pe membrane chero bedzi iyo sulfate iri mumvura yakakura kudarika 0.01mg/L.Aya mazero akaoma kuchenesa uye naizvozvo anofanira kudzivirirwa kubva pakuumba pamusoro pe membrane zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
Kana iyo silica yemukati mumvura mbishi yakakwira, lime, magnesium oxide (kana chena hupfu) inogona kuwedzerwa kurapwa.Kana iyo silica yekumisikidza muRO yekudyisa mvura yakakura kupfuura 20mg/L, chiyero chemaitiro chekuongorora chinofanira kuitwa.Nokuti zvakaoma kuchenesa silica scale, zvakakosha zvikuru kudzivirira kuti irege kuumba pa membrane.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-01-2023